Strategies for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease: impact of metabolic control and diet

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Its progression is influenced by multiple factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and chronic inflammation. Current therapeutic strategies focus on strict metabolic control by lowering blood pressure, optimizing glycemic management, and dietary modification. Sodium and protein restriction, along with plant-based diets, have shown benefits in preserving renal function by reducing glomerular filtration load and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors has demonstrated significant nephroprotective effects. However, heterogeneity in patient response suggests the need for a personalized approach. This review analyzes the current evidence on strategies to delay the progression of CKD and their impact on reducing the risk of dialysis and kidney transplantation. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, nephroprotection, SGLT2 inhibitors, diet, metabolic control.